What Is Phase Detection Autofocus? (And Why It’s So Important)

By Anabel Dflux

By Tamara Kedves 

What Is Autofocus?

Let’s start with the basics. There are two types of focus: auto and manual.

Manual focus is when the user has to control the focus by turning the focusing ring left or right to achieve focus. In new cameras, we often have a so-called focus peaking feature, helping this procedure.

Autofocus is when the camera does this all for you. It uses a computer to run a miniature motor that will turn the focus ring.

You even have the option to switch AF-MF back and forth on your lens or in-camera. If you press the shutter button halfway down, you activate AF. After this, you can use the manual focus ring to fine-tune your focus.

This focus ring moves an internal component of the lens in and out. This action repeats until the sharpest image of the subject is projected. But let’s break it down into a more detailed explanation.

All digital cameras have a histogram. These tell you the exposure of what you are photographing. The histogram shows you a review of how evenly exposed your photo is, after you have taken it.

Contrast detection autofocus works by evaluating this histogram (which communicates with the sensor). The camera then moves the lens incrementally. It keeps reevaluating to see if there is more or less contrast to what you are shooting.

If the camera detects contrast increase, it moves the lens in that higher contrast direction until it hits its full potential. If the contrast decreases, the camera moves the lens in the other direction.

This process is repeated over and over again until there is high contrast. Contrast detection helps you to achieve a well-focused image with high contrast.

With phase detection autofocus, think a bit of the moon and its various phases. For the camera, when a specific point finds itself being in perfect focus, there are light rays.

A photograph that is in focus will have light rays that will cast a light on the opposite sides of the lens. This is when the term ‘in phase’ comes about, like how phases of the moon work.

The camera can figure out when the focus is not achieved because the opposite side is no longer illuminated (known as not being in phase). This happens when the lens is not focused correctly on the point. It may be in front of or behind it.

How to Understand Phase Detection Autofocus

There are prisms located inside your camera. For phase detection, the image you see hits the prism and then separates into two images. If these images line up together, your subject is in focus. If they don’t line up together, then your subject is out of focus.

Part of the reason that DSLR cameras are so heavy is that they have an actual prism inside of them. This splits the image onto the focus sensor.

So, how do you get something in focus in this case? It sounds a lot like a guessing game, doesn’t it? Actually, cameras are smarter than that.

The sensor inside the camera is aware of which split image is which. As such, it can communicate to the camera and let it know in which direction it should move the focus to ensure that the images line up.

Let’s make it more advanced.

Remember us mentioning light rays above? Light rays pass through the lens, and this light gets detected by the AF sensor. The autofocus system can then determine if the subject is focused on the front or the back. The camera receives direct information on how it should turn the focus ring to lock on the subject.

Mirrorless cameras are smaller and lighter because they achieve the same result by doing this on the sensor.

Once the images are aligned, the system sends a confirmation message that the subject is in focus. And all of this complexity happens in a fraction of a second!

Phase detection AF system is great for capturing movement because it is incredibly fast.

Now, if you’ve ever been in the buying game, you’ve likely heard about phase detection points. A digital camera has a certain number of these points. There are many AF sensor points where it can compare the split image. The more of these you have, the more accurate the focus is.

Sony’s A7 III mirrorless has the lead in this, with 693 points, which cover 93% of the image area. This means that it has a much higher chance of focusing correctly than a camera which has significantly fewer focus points.

What Is Phase Detection Autofocus Used For?

This type of autofocus is very well suited for action photography. It works best when used with image tracking and AI/AF Servo/Continuous Focus modes.

Some newer focusing techniques have been introduced in the last couple of years as well. For example, Sony’s Eye AF system is specifically made for animal photography. It is tracking the animal’s eyes to find focus. Face detection AF system does the same but for human faces — and is pretty accurate.

Phase detection works for other types of photography too, such as portraits and still life. But action photographers will be the most grateful for the inclusion of this system.

There are several other advantages of phase detection autofocus. These include being fast and allowing the sensor to assess the image’s depth of field.

You can also get an accurate idea of how the depth of field will look before you even take a shot.

What Are The Downsides Of Phase Detection?

This is a complex process that needs precision. The phase detection software needs to be installed and aligned properly. Otherwise, it can cause the autofocus to be off. This causes a sensor alignment problem.

Once the camera detects this problem, it automatically calibrates the focus points. This is why it is super important to keep your camera’s firmware updated.

It may not be able to focus on low contrast subjects as accurately as other focus modes. It also finds it hard to focus in low light.

These problems apply to contrast-detection autofocus as well. But overall, that way of focusing is more accurate when it comes to difficult light situations. With contrast detection, there is no need for lens calibration.

Understanding how phase detection autofocus works definitely comes in handy. You can get rid of several focusing issues, and know when something isn’t working correctly in your camera.

Try it out, experiment and enjoy the benefits! 

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11 Best Entry Level DSLR Cameras in 2021

Tags: Photography for Beginners, Newbie Photography

By Gabor Holtzer 

What Is an Entry Level DSLR?

A DSLR is a digital single reflex camera. This type of camera uses one lens to view the scene and capture it on the sensor. It does this by using a mirror that changes it from viewing to capturing.

DSLRs can range from $400 for the Canon Rebel T6 to $6,500 for the Canon EOS-1DX Mark III. The former is an entry-level camera, while the latter is a professional DSLR.

There is a world of difference between these systems, but they have the same basic functions. Both cameras have a digital sensor, the same exposure triangle settings and other basic functions, such as autofocus, burst shooting, and mirror lockup.

Where they differ is the extent of these functions.

There are smaller learning curves with entry-level DSLR cameras because their settings and features are limited. But as I said, the basics are the same across every digital camera.

Warning – Don’t Buy the Bundle

When it comes to searching for an entry-level DSLR camera, we really want you to heed the following warning: Don’t go for the bundle package.

There’s a reason we link and show photos of the camera without any extra stuff, and particularly lenses. This is because the lenses that come with the camera are usually not great.

These lenses are what we call ‘kit-lenses’ and are of lower quality than other lenses, traditionally. Modern kit lenses are much better, but still often don’t give you the best experience. Of course, there are great kit lenses, but they usually come with more expensive camera bodies.

As for options one step above the ‘kit’ level, a few options come to mind. On the Canon side, the EF-S 15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM is a cost-effective option offering a great image. Nikon offers the excellent 16-80mm f/2.8-4 DX lens, although that’s quite a bit more expensive. There are fantastic third-party options, too, such as the Sigma 18-35mm f/1.8 (Canon version).

With a bundle, you get a lot of junk that you won’t need. Because of this, these bundles are actually overpriced. The items are of low quality, and perhaps items you don’t need or never use. If you need memory cards and bags, source them individually. You’ll save money and get what you actually want.

You might find discounted kits which are actually cheaper than the camera body alone; if this is the case, go for it, of course.

Now, let’s see our favourite entry-level DSLR options from the four manufacturers that still produce them.

Canon

1. Canon EOS Rebel T7i

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 1.18 lbs
• APS-C sensor (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi & Bluetooth
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 6 fps
• 45 AF points
• Vari-angle touch LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The Canon EOS Rebel T7i, otherwise known as the EOS 800D has all the bells and whistles you’d expect from a Canon DSLR. It comes with a 24-Megapixel sensor, dual-pixel AF and even a tilt-flip touchscreen.

The viewfinder shares the same 45-point autofocus system from the 77D, making it a pretty good contender for sports photography. This also matches with the possible 6 fps.

This camera shares most of the same specifications as the T6i. The resolution is the same, the weight is similar and they both have WiFi built-in, alongside a vari-angle LCD screen.

The advantages with the T7i is the advanced technology, the longer usage time and the slightly faster burst rate. These come at a higher cost of around $150.

This is one of the best DSLRs at entry-level available, and possibly the best that Canon digital cameras have to offer in this list.

2. Canon EOS 70D

• 20.2 Megapixels
• 1.7 lbs
• APS-C sensor (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 7 fps
• 19-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle touch LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The Canon EOS 70D is the most expensive option among their entry-level DSLR range. It’s actually an older midrange model, which slowly descended into more affordable territories. It’s almost 7 years old now, but we still consider it to be a great digital camera.

It has a resolution of 20.2 megapixels. Its autofocus system is one of the first implementations of the Dual Pixel technology. This means each pixel is split into two separate readable photodiodes, which face left and right.

This means that, in principle, it is capable of phase detection autofocus. This feature works across 80% of the frame, down to 0 Exposure Values and up to f/11. All these attributes make this a very capable autofocus system.

Other attributes are the 7 frames per second and the Digic 5+ processor that was first seen in the beast we know as 5D Mark III.

Video mode is accessible with the flick of a lever. The camera provides continuous autofocus tracking during live view and video recording.

The 70D bridges the gap between entry-level and professional cameras. There are many similarities between the 70D and Canon’s 6D and 7D lines.

It has the separate top LCD for showing exposure parameters even when the main LCD screen is turned off. It has two control dials, making manual operation a lot easier.

Its function buttons are laid out next to the top LCD, which makes it quicker to operate blindly. You can concentrate on getting the image and what happens in the viewfinder.

So, if you’re planning to upgrade but don’t yet have the budget, it might be the perfect option.

3. Canon EOS Rebel SL3

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 1 lb
• APS-C sensor (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi & Bluetooth
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 5 fps
• 9 AF points
• Vari-angle touch LCD
• 4K video

The Canon EOS Rebel SL3 boasts a great deal. It has Dual Pixel autofocus, WiFi with NFC and Bluetooth. It even comes with a new interface, making it more accessible to beginners.

Its small size might be misleading, but as the Nikon D3500’s main competitor, it is just a tad smaller and lighter. The less weight is a welcome feature, perfect for long hikes and country hopping.

Compared to the SL1, it’s almost the same. Except here you get better focusing in live view. In terms of the Canon Rebel T7i, you do get more, but for a higher price.

If you don’t need the extra autofocus points, stick with this model. It will capture scenes excellently without breaking the bank.

In live view mode, you can use the excellent eye detection Canon has added to Dual Pixel systems. 4K video recording lets you capture memories in higher resolution than ever before in an SL camera.

4. Canon EOS Rebel T6i

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 1.22 lbs
• APS-C sensor (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 5 fps
• 19 AF points
• Vari-angle touch LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The Canon EOS Rebel T6i was the newer version of the Rebel T5i, adding more megapixels, a slightly faster burst capacity, and 10 more phase-detection points to its autofocus system.

Also coming with this system is the addition of WiFi and Near Field Communication (NFC).

Here, you’ll find the Hybrid CMOS AF III. Canon claims that the performance of the Hybrid CMOS III is close to that of the original Dual Pixel AF found in the 70D and 7D II.

It’s a great camera to use. The image quality is excellent, and it performs well in low light situations, making it one of the best entry-level DSLRs out there.

 

Nikon

1. Nikon D5600

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 1.04 lbs
• APS-C (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi & Bluetooth
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 5 fps
• 39-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle touch LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The first thing you will notice about this miniature beast is its lightweight body. It is also very connected, having WiFi and Bluetooth built into the camera.

As we look across these entry-level cameras, we see they are very similar. The most important thing that really separates the Nikon D5600 from the Nikon D5300 is the addition of Snapbridge.

Otherwise, this is an incremental, but useful update.

Snapbridge, if this is a new term for you, is Nikon’s answer to syncing the images you capture with your DSLR to other devices, such as a smartphone or tablet.

The image quality is excellent, and in terms of the high ISO range, it is one of the best in our list. It keeps the quality high even in the lowest light situations.

Its dynamic range is outstandingly wide, market-leading in the entry-level segment.

For the Nikon range, this is one of the best cameras for excellent image quality.

2. Nikon D3500

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 0.86 lbs (without battery)
• APS-C sensor (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi & Bluetooth
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 5 fps
• 11-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The Nikon D3500 is the update on the Nikon D3400. It is specifically made for those first-time photographs with no experience of ILC (Interchangeable Lens Cameras).

The difference here is the Snapbridge connectivity across devices using built-in Bluetooth. The battery life increased, but they scrapped the Ultrasonic sensor cleaning.

In terms of competition, this is a very similar Nikon version of the Canon T6i. The one thing that does set them apart is the battery life. The Nikon can capture 3 times more images on a single charge on paper, although the difference is smaller in real life.

This camera is great for travel or any field of photography where you’ll need to hold your camera for extended periods of time. It doesn’t even weigh 1lb, so your arms and back will thank you for it.

3. Nikon D5500

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 1.4 lbs (with lens)
• APS-C (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 6 fps
• 39-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle touch LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The D5500 falls between the D5300 and the D5600 in terms of age and features, but also price. It also has the competitive WiFi feature built-in, and a usual 39 point autofocus and 25,600 ISO range.

These settings are usually in this area of entry-level cameras. It does have a solid noise reduction capability and is smaller and lighter than the Nikon D5300, also on this list.

How did they manage to make it lighter? Instead of polycarbonate, this camera uses a carbon fiber composite. It’s a great camera to use. One of the reasons for this is the curved grip, making it easier to hold.

Although it utilizes a pentamirror rather than the brighter and clearer pentaprism, you won’t notice any problems with this easy-going system.

4. Nikon D5300

• 24.1 Megapixels
• 1.05 lbs
• APS-C sensor (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 5 fps
• 39-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The benefit of having an entry-level camera is its ease of use. There is no need to have all the bells and whistles if you aren’t going to use them. They’ll just hinder your learning curve as a hobbyist photographer.

With the Nikon D5300, you get a very competitive range of features and settings. These are the 39 autofocus points, the 25,600 ISO range, and the 24-megapixel resolution.

The difference with this system is the added GPS. This makes it easy to reference your images, especially with Lightroom’s map module.

While this is not the newest generation of the Nikon 5X00 series, it’s still a viable choice if you’re on a slightly lower budget.

 

 

Pentax

1. Pentax K-70

• 24.2 Megapixels
• 1.5 lbs
• APS-C (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 6 fps
• 11-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle LCD
• 102.400 ISO range

There is a lot to like about this camera. Its incredibly high ISO range, faster frames-per-second than other entry-level DSLR cameras and image stabilization are among them.

There is a function where the camera automatically detects a slanted horizon and corrects it. On top of this, there is a pixel shift function. Here, the camera takes four images to produce one huge photograph. This will give you a high-resolution image without having to invest thousands of dollars into top-notch specialised gear. You need a tripod to fully use this feature, though.

Image stabilization allows you to shoot sharp images in darker conditions than usual, by reducing the movement caused by your own hands.

The body is splash-proof and can be used in inclement weather conditions.

The K-70 has two unique buttons to Pentax cameras. On the top is a green button that switches functions back to their default settings.

On the left-hand side, the camera offers a button that allows the user to toggle between JPEG and Raw mode. The camera offers two Raw formats: Pentax’s own “PEF” format and Adobe’s “DNG” format.

2. Pentax KS-2

• 20 Megapixels
• 1.49 lbs (with lens)
• APS-C (Cropped Sensor)
• Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 5.4 fps
• 45-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle LCD
• 51,200 ISO range

You might only be aware of Canon and Nikon DSLRs. Yet, Pentax makes a few really great entry-level DSLRs that might surprise you.

The Pentax KS-2 is an all-weather camera. This means you can embrace the elements with landscape and adventure photography, without worrying about your device.

Image stabilisation counteracts hand movement and ensures sharper images when shooting handheld.

It is compact, yet is slightly heavier than the other entry-level DSLRs. Some people prefer that, as the weight makes it easier to grip, hold and shoot with.

It offers excellent quality and decent performance for its class. The biggest area you will find that sets itself apart is its extended ISO range of a maximum 51,200. This is perfect for low light situations.

If you’re a fan of vintage manual lenses, a Pentax camera is a great option you. Pentax has kept the same lens mount for many decades now, allowing intercompatibility with old lenses.

 

Sony

Sony Alpha a68

• 24 Megapixels
• 1.34 lbs
• APS-C (Cropped Sensor)
• No Built-in WiFi
• High-Speed continuous shooting at up to 8 fps
• 79-point Autofocus
• Vari-angle LCD
• 25,600 ISO range

The a68 is technically not a DSLR, but in many aspects, such as size and weight, it’s similar to one. However, it has an electronic viewfinder instead of an optical one.

What you’ll find with this system is a 24 megapixel cropped sensor. It gives you a 79-point autofocus selection, and a frame rate of 8 shots a second.

These two settings make this camera great for fast-moving subjects that vary in distances from the camera.

This camera has lots of dials and buttons, making it easy to flip between the settings you need. Everything is viewed from the display panel, which can illuminate when dark.

Most of these buttons are customizable, allowing you to make the most of your device.

You won’t find WiFi or a touch screen – but these are bonus points and not necessary for amazing photography.

At this price, you’d be hard pushed to find another camera system that has this many advantages. If you don’t mind the electronic viewfinder on this mirrorless camera, this camera is for you.

Like anything else in photography, your camera needs to reflect your field and involvement.

There are many DSLRs on the market across 4 or 5 different manufacturers. they come in a range of prices, suited to attracting hobbyists and professionals alike.

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Best Camera Brand: Canon vs. Nikon vs. Sony

By Hillary Grigonis 

When it comes to full-frame cameras, three brands come to mind – Canon, Nikon, and Sony. 

All three brands create excellent cameras and optics. So the tough question remains, how do 

you choose between Canon vs Nikon vs Sony?

All three offer excellent cameras for professionals and entry-level options for beginners.

But once you commit to one brand, switching becomes expensive. You need to swap 

lenses and flashes too.

Choosing the right brand from the start is all the more important. To help you make that 

choice, we’ve put together all you need to know about Nikon vs Canon vs Sony.

Please keep in mind that here we’re only comparing brands that offer extensive 

full-frame options.

Photo by Goh Rhy Yan on Unsplash  

 

Canon

Canon dates all the way back to a “Kwanon” 35mm camera in 1934. Today, 

Canon produces cameras in almost every category, including DSLRs, mirrorless, 

and compacts.

Canon’s DSLRs carry the EOS name, which stands for Electro-Optical System. 

Their EOS film cameras marked the first fully electronic system in 1987. Since 

then, lenses and bodies can communicate with each other.

Even digital cameras continue the EOS name. Canon offers a wide selection of 

different EOS lens options with the EF mount as well as the EF-S mount. The latter 

is designed for 

the company’s APS-C DSLRs, which have a smaller sensor than full frame.

Today, the brand is known for both their high-end cameras and beginner options. 

Canon tends to have lower prices on lenses and higher prices on bodies when 

compared to the other two.

Many of the EOS bodies use a dual pixel autofocus system. DPAF involves two 

halves of each pixel working together when autofocusing. This is a system that 

works well with both stills and video.

Canon’s best 

(and most expensive) DSLR series is the EOS-1D line. The current model is the 

brand-new EOS-1D X Mark III. It has a 20fps burst and a 20-megapixel full-frame 

sensor. This series is a popular choice among professional wildife and  

sports photographers.  The next line of DSLRs is the EOS 5D series, like the 

50-megapixel EOS 5DS R. The current model is the 5D MkIV. A cheaper 

full-frame option is the 6D line, which has two cameras, the 6D and the newer 

6D MkII.

The only other line with a single-digit marking is the 7D series. The 7D series 

consists of Canon’s semi-professional crop-sensor cameras. This line also holds 

two models: the original 7D and the 7D MkII.

Canon’s other APS-C DSLRs have a two-digit number, like the Canon EOS 80D. 

Canon Rebels are the brand’s most affordable options. These are excellent for 

beginners, like the Canon EOS rebel T5i or T6. (In Europe, the Rebels are named 

xxxD or xxxxD.)

While Canon is more known for DSLRs, the company has a handful of decent 

mirrorless options too. The EOS M line is a series with an APS-C sensor.

Canon has been quite slow with stepping into the full frame mirrorless world. 

Their lineup there is still very limited, it consists of only two models.

The EOS R is similar to the 5D MkIV in terms of imaging capabilities. It comes in 

a smaller mirrorless body. The EOS Rp is an even tinier, almost compact-sized 

full-frame option, with specs like the 6D MkII.

The bottom line? Canon is an excellent brand, trusted by many photographers. 

Image quality and contrast are often good, and the dual pixel autofocus is 

excellent.

Canon cameras tend to use brand-specific terms. For example, they use Tv on the 

mode dial to designate Shutter Priority Mode. This can be tough to learn.

Nikon

Nikon has been developing optics since 1917, launching their first camera in 1948. 

Today, Nikon is known for their DSLRs, spanning from beginners to professionals. 

They also have a few smaller cameras like the popular superzooms with a 

best-in-class zoom.

Like Canon, Nikon’s long history means that there are plenty of lenses to choose from. 

These cover the super-wide to the extreme telephoto. They also have a great speciality 

lens range like macro and fisheye.

Nikon also have a good selection of flashes and accessories. Nikon lenses tend to be 

higher priced than Canon’s, but a Nikon body is typically lower priced.

Nikon today is most known for DSLRs. They are instantly recognizable by that red 

swoop on the grip. Images from the latest Nikon DSLRs tend to have limited noise, 

sharp subjects, and solid color. Even so, some say Nikon colors have a bit too much 

green and yellow.

Nikon also use terms that can be easier for beginners to understand. Continuous 

autofocus is AF-C instead of Canon’s Al Servo.

Nikon’s spot metering modes will also read the light at the focal point instead of 

only metering the light at the centre of the image. This makes getting an accurate 

exposure faster.

Nikon’s priciest DSLR is the Nikon D5 with 20.8megapixels and 12 fps continuous 

shooting. Nikon’s D850 falls close behind (and in some areas outperforms) the D5 

with a high-resolution 45.7-megapixel sensor.

Lower numbers in the name mean fewer features, but a still capable DSLR like the

D750 and D610.

For APS-C cameras, Nikon offers a wide range. From inexpensive beginner cameras 

to high-end, fast cameras.

The Nikon D500 is the current flagship for the company’s DX series cameras. It has 

a 20.9-megapixel sensor and a 10 fps burst mode.

The Nikon D7500 gets newbies started for only (and often on sale for under) $500. 

The Nikon D5600 offers a few more extras while still sticking with a low price point.

Some of the best Nikon DSLR technology (though not all) has migrated to 

mirrorless with the company’s new Z series.

The Nikon Z7 and Z6 offer many of the favourite features of the brand’s DSLRs. 

And they add extras like image stabilization, which the Canon’s EOS R line 

doesn’t offer.

The Z50 features very similar features and handling to the single-digit Z bodies,

 but incorporates an APS-C sensor.

Photographers will likely be very happy with a Nikon camera. Nikon offers 

solid image quality, excellent build, fast performance and plenty of accessories.

Some photographers prefer Canon’s color quality. If you’re inexperienced in color 

editing, it may be a big deal for you. But the terminology used by Nikon may be 

a bit simpler for beginners.

Sony

Sony isn’t a DSLR brand. It is most known in the photography community for its 

mirrorless camera range. Particularly the full-frame line.

Sony didn’t start producing their cameras until 1988. And they were never heavily

 invested into DSLR cameras.

However, in 2006, it acquired Minolta, a camera company with a long history in 

making SLRs.

The fact that Sony wasn’t as invested into the traditional DSLR boded well for the 

company’s mirrorless line.

In the dawn of the decade, Sony took risks launching the Alpha series. This was a 

full-frame mirrorless series. The A7 evolved into a series with a long list of 

features and stirred up the professional market.

The Sony full-frame line now consists of two different series, the A7 and the A9. 

The A9 is aimed at sports and wildlife photographers, as a direct competitor to the 

1D series and the D5.

Cameras with the R in the name have a higher resolution sensor. Those with an S are 

designed for low light and video shooting. And cameras without any letter add-ons 

are designed for affordable features (relatively).

The A7 series is now on its third generation. Compared to the EOS R and 

Nikon Z, the company has had more time to refine, add features and create a 

strong autofocus system.

Sony also has a good but not as well known line of APS-C mirrorless cameras, 

like the Sony a6500.

While Sony wasn’t invested in DSLRs, the company still has a few SLTs. These 

are similar to DSLRs but use a translucent mirror. Sony hasn’t been dedicating as 

much time and resources into its SLTs. Photographers should proceed with extreme 

caution.

The Sony A99 II has a 42.4-megapixel sensor, 12 fps shooting, and in-body 

stabilization. The A77 II and A68 offer fewer megapixels but a lower price point.

Sony also has some excellent advanced compact cameras. The RX100 series is a 

popular (though expensive) line of compacts.

Sony is also the world’s largest supplier of imaging sensors. Camera brands don’t 

always like to share who made the sensor. You might buy a camera with a different 

brand name on it and end up with a Sony sensor, such as newer Nikon models.

That’s okay because Sony makes good sensors.

Sony has some of the best mirrorless camera systems on the market. But they 

haven’t been around as long as Canon and Nikon. Sony’s native lens options 

are a bit more limited than Canon’s and Nikon’s.

That’s changing as Sony camera systems grow in popularity. Third-party 

manufacturers offer all their lenses for Sony E-mount. There are plenty of lenses 

that you can only use with Sony (or other, like Fujifilm) mirrorless cameras. Their 

short flange distance allows for greater flexibility in lens design.

Which Is Better: Nikon or Canon or Sony?

Each camera brand has some quirks, but Canon, Nikon, and Sony all make great 

camera systems. The best part about the Nikon vs Canon vs Sony debate? The 

constant competition has each camera manufacturer pushing to launch the best 

camera.

One year, it may be a Canon, the next a Nikon and the next a Sony. It all depends on 

the individual camera.

Photographers will often prefer one camera system over the other. When viewing 

the photos side by side, no one can tell if you shot that image with a Canon, 

Nikon or Sony.

A camera is just a tool. The photographer using that tool matters more.

If you’re ready to buy a new camera but aren’t sure yet what brand to choose, here’s 

what you should do.

Go to a store that sells camera systems and shoot with the ones that are on display.

 How do they feel in your hands? Does working with one feel easier or more natural 

than the other?

Dig into the menu systems. Does one brand’s feel more intuitive to you than the 

other? (An alternative is to rent a camera body from each brand).

Then, look at the lens selection. Do the lenses you can see yourself buying in the 

future exist? How expensive are they?

When you start investing in lenses, swapping brands becomes expensive.

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The Great Debate: Canon Vs. Nikon

By Josh Dunlop

By Tamara Kedves 

When it comes to buying a DSLR camera, many buyers will choose between Canon or Nikon. They are the most established brands with the most extensive history in digital photography.

What is the difference between the two brands? Which one is the perfect fit for you? In this Canon vs. Nikon article, we will find out!

 

The Canon vs. Nikon Debate

The debate comes from those photographers wholly devoted to one or the other. As Canon and Nikon are the two most popular and widespread DSLR brands, it is natural that the most significant discussion is around them.

Back in the golden age of film photography, the Nikon vs. Canon debate was a lot less prominent. There were plenty of excellent cameras, and they all offered something different.

But a lot has changed since we entered the age of digital photography. Now, beginner photographers often choose between either Nikon or Canon cameras. In recent years, each has also started producing mirrorless cameras, slowly threatening to put Sony in second place.

A Real-World Comparison

Both Canon and Nikon have their strongholds in different target niches. In the following sections, we will go through the areas where the two brands differ.

Lenses

One of the biggest reasons why Canon and Nikon are the most popular brands is their compatibility.

Canon’s EF range goes back to 1987. Meanwhile, Nikon’s F mount lenses began in 1959. That means you have a long list of photography equipment that would still work on your modern digital camera.

The main difference between the two brands is the autofocus. With Canon, all the EOS lenses have autofocus. Meanwhile, only Nikon AF-S lenses have autofocus.

It is also worth noting that even non-AF-S lenses still work on Nikon DSLRs. The only caveat is that you have to focus them manually.

Nikon decided to remove the autofocus motor from their entry-level DSLRs to keep their cameras smaller. This means you cannot use autofocus from older Nikon AF-S lenses if you have an entry-level DSLR.

In contrast, Canon has always had the autofocus motors in the lenses, not the bodies. That means you get to use older lenses with most camera bodies.

The newest Nikon and Canon lenses perform equally well.

If you prefer modern lenses with the latest technology, then consider Canon. Their L-Series’ quality and autofocus are noticeable.

There are more third-party vintage lenses available for Canon, which you can attach to the camera body with adapters.

However, Nikon has their own vintage and manual lenses, which are compatible with their DSLRs. This is not true for Canon.

When it comes to the mirrorless department, Nikon produced fewer lenses. Still, they are lighter and smaller.

Both brands recently started producing lenses meant to go on mirrorless bodies. This puts them in competition with Sony, leading the market with the Alpha series for years.

Sensor

As with every camera, there are crop and full-frame versions of Canon and Nikon as well.

The term crop factor describes the magnification any particular lens produces when you use it on a crop-sensor camera. This number differs between the two camera brands.

The crop factor of Nikon crop-sensor cameras is 1.5x. For Canon, the crop factor is 1.6x.

A larger sensor often means better resolution. The 0.1 crop factor difference between Nikon and Canon may seem insignificant, but since crop sensors are already small, even 0.1 helps your images with a resolution boost.

Smaller sensors also create better ‘magnification’. If you are a sports photographer, you can quickly turn a 100mm telephoto lens into a 150mm with a Nikon and a 160mm with a Canon body.

Ease of Use

One of the most crucial factors in the Canon vs. Nikon debate is usability. Many consider Canon DSLRs easier to handle, while Nikon takes the lead with mirrorless.

It is all about what feels right to you. When most photographers choose their brand, they often do not switch. After all, it is not easy getting rid of your equipment after spending so much on it. Think hard about your preferences before investing.

Canon vs. Nikon – Which is the Better Choice For YOU?

In this section, we collect cameras for different photography levels and purposes from both Canon and Nikon.

Entry-level DSLRs

When it comes to entry-level DSLRs, Canon has a greater palette. The 4000D, 2000D, and the recently released 250D are great examples of what beginner photographers are looking for.

The 250D can shoot in 24MP, 4k videos, and has a Dual Pixel autofocus system while still being affordable.

Apart from the great variety, it is also important to consider how well these camera bodies perform.

Nikon steals this department with the D3500, as it outranks its Canon competitors in almost every area.

It offers a resolution of 24 MP, 60p video recording, an ISO range of 100 – 25 600. Furthermore, its battery lasts longer (1550 shots). The only drawback is that this body is bigger and less compact than its Canon equivalents.

Mid-range DSLRs

With the current releases of the 90D and 850D, Canon wins this department. They keep improving their mid-range bodies, while Nikon only recently came up with two new bodies, D5600 (4 years ago) and D7500 (3 years ago). Also, in Nikon’s case, there were no significant updates compared to the previous generations.

While Canon’s 90D has a 33MP resolution with a tiltable LCD screen, 11 fps continuous shooting, and 45 cross-type focus points, the D7500 only offers 21MP, 8 fps, and 15 focus points.

It is also worth mentioning that Canon’s model includes improved modern features, such as a webcam function, focus bracketing, and excellent battery life.

Prosumer DSLRs

This category is strictly about pro-end APS-C models and beginner full-frame cameras.

Canon has not upgraded its upper-end APS-C model called 7D Mark II since its launch in 2014. For this reason, Nikon D500 easily wins this category.

While Nikon’s body offers an ISO range of 100 – 51 200 (extendable to 102 400 – 1 640 000), Canon sticks to the comfortable ISO 100 – 16,000 (/-25 600) range. Also, Nikon has over twice as many focus points as Canon, 99 of which are cross-type. The smaller size and longer battery life are also worth mentioning.

When it comes to DSLR full-frames, Canon has the cheapest all-around option, the 6D Mark II. This body was released in 2017 and was a real competitor to the universal favourite Nikon D750. But since then, Nikon upgraded the series, coming up with D780 in 2020.

This Nikon camera body outperforms the Canon in every area, from ISO range to video capabilities, image quality, speed, and autofocus accuracy. There is a catch as there is a considerable price gap between the two. For this reason, 6D Mark II remains an affordable and reasonable choice for those looking for a beginner full-frame camera.

Top-end DSLRs

In the upper-end full-frame cameras, the winner is not as straightforward. Canon has not upgraded the 5D Mark IV since 2016, while Nikon’s D850 is still the market leader.

If we look at the comparison, we can see why Nikon takes the lead here. Its 46 MP vs. Canon’s 30, the huge number of focus points (153), and its dynamic range and bracketing capabilities are determining features.

On the other hand, looking into the absolute best DSLR cameras, a Canon model wins the competition. The Canon 1DX Mark III vs. Nikon D6 debate has been going on since D6’s 2020 debut. The general conclusion is that Nikon still does not beat the best Canon DSLR.

While their capabilities are close, the 1DX Mark III still excels in some areas. These include video shooting (5.5K resolution with 120 fps), 20 fps continuous shooting, and built-in GPS.

Entry-level Mirrorless Cameras

This is the area where Nikon is lacking. There is no real Nikon competitor to Canon’s M200.

M200 is a crop sensor entry-level mirrorless camera. It offers 24 MP resolution, an ISO range from 100 to 25 600, 6 fps continuous shooting, and internal flash.

It also includes several technologies that you cannot find in older DSLR cameras, such as built-in WiFi, Bluetooth, and a touchscreen.

Mid-range Mirrorless Cameras

In this range, there is a tight competition between the Canon EOS M6 Mark II and Nikon Z50.

Both bodies offer an APS-C sensor, an adjustable LCD screen, Bluetooth and WiFi connection, even a touchscreen and webcam function. However, there are some areas where the Z50 wins over the M6 Mark II.

It has a significant number (209) of focus points, as opposed to Canon’s 143. It also has twice as wide an ISO range, a longer flash coverage, and weatherproof sealing.

Top-end Mirrorless Cameras

Just like with DSLR top-end cameras, there are different categories in this area with mirrorless as well.

Canon EOS RP leads the market in the lower end, without a real competitor. In the enthusiast full-frame mirrorless cameras department, Nikon Z6 and Canon R6 compete. The winner here is not so obvious, as the Z6 sensor, handling system, and price are more favourable. On the other hand, the R6 provides better video shooting opportunities and low-light management.

When we talk about the best mirrorless camera from these brands, we must mention Canon R5 and Nikon Z7. Here, Canon has a significantly better video and low light management system.

The reason is that Z7 is two years older. Significant mirrorless improvements have taken place over the past few years.

Nikon is threatening to win both of these categories with the release of Z6 II and Z7II. Until then, Canon is the camera body to go for if you are looking for the best.

Canon and Nikon are the two most widespread digital photography brands. The debate between the two camera brands has been going on for decades and still does not have a consensus.

Both brands have their strengths and weaknesses. Canon is better when it comes to compatibility. Nikon wins on the mirrorless market.

 

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